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45 J. Legal Educ. 157 (1995)
The Art and Science of Academic Support

handle is hein.journals/jled45 and id is 167 raw text is: The Art and Science of Academic Support Kristine S. Knaplund and Richard H. Sander For a full generation, and with differing levels of fervor, American law schools have sought to increase their enrollment of minority students. Initially focusing on recruitment efforts and assurances to minority applicants that past barriers had been removed, legal educators soon concluded that merely equal treatment of all comers, using traditional measures of preparedness, would still leave their schools with little more than token representation of black and Latino students.1 Before long, and increasingly, law schools turned to differential admissions policies to increase minority enrollments.2 As a result, the scores and undergraduate grades of black and Latino (and, at some schools, Asian) students who enroll at accredited schools are lower than those Both authors are at the University of California at Los Angeles. Kristine S. Knaplund is Senior Lecturer in Law and Director of the Academic Support Program. Richard H. Sander is Professor of Law. The authors thank Sean Pine for her assistance in assembling data on UCLA students, and Peter Arenella, David Binder, Grace Blumberg, George Brown, Yolaine Dauphin, Charles Daye, Raquelle de Ia Rocha, Ronald Edelstein, Leslie Garfield, Ken Graham, Joel Handler, Ken Karst, Paula Lustbader, Susan Prager, and E. Douglass Williams for helpful comments on various drafts. The authors are also grateful to the Dean's Fund at UCLA School of Law, and the UCLA Academic Senate, for providing funding in support of this research, and to the Joseph Drown Foundation and the Milken Family Foundation, for providing funding for several of the programs described in this article. 1. See David E. Neely, Minority Participation in Legal Education: Innovative Approaches Toward Racial Parity, 20 U.S.F. L. Rev. 559 (1986); Henry Ramsey, Jr., Affirmative Action at American Bar Association Approved Law Schools: 1979-1980, 30 J. Legal Educ. 377, 384 (1980). 2. Ramsey surveyed 100 lawschools in the wake of Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978), and found that 68 of 95 law schools responding to the survey, or 72 percent, had special admissions programs for minorities. Ramsey, supra note 1, at 384. The Supreme Court's decision in Bakke, banning racial quotas in school admissions but permitting the use of diversity considerations in distinguishing among applicants, changed the structure of many schools' admissions policies but not their practical effect of admitting significantly more minorities than would be admitted through colorblind systems based on LMAT scores and grades. Journal of Legal Education, Volume 45, Number 2 (June 1995)

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