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18 Cato J. 247 (1998-1999)
Economic Freedom, Political Freedom, and Economic Well-Being: A Causality Analysis

handle is hein.journals/catoj18 and id is 251 raw text is: ECONOMic FREEDOM, POLITICAL FREEDOM,
AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING:
A CAUSALITY ANALYSIS
W. Ken Farr, Richard A. Lord,
and J. Larry Wolfenbarger
In recent years, a renewed interest has been shown in trying to
further comprehend the factors that determine a country's rate of
economic growth. This is important since a higher growth rate means
greater national output, potentially higher living standards, and an
enhanced ability to attain economic and social objectives. Earlier
studies of the causes of economic growth focused on the importance
of increasing exogenous quantities of physical resources (land, labor,
and capital) to enhance the rate of growth, while more recent evidence
suggests that growth is determined by a much larger set of endoge-
nously determined variables.'
Institutional factors-the political and economic customs and prac-
tices that exist within countries-have received particular attention
in a number of recent studies. The importance of these factors lies
in the fact that all economic decisions are made within a given institu-
tional setting. And while it is difficult to know with certainty how
these factors influence economic growth, it is generally assumed that
greater economic and political freedom act as catalysts to enhance
growth. But economic growth may also, in turn, enhance economic
and political freedom.'
Cato Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall 1998). Copyright @ Cato Institute. All rights reserved.
W. Ken Farr and J. Larry Wolfenbarger are Professors of Economics at Georgia College
and State University. Richard A. Lord is Associate Professor of Finance at Montclair State
University. The authors thank James Gwartney and William Niskanen for their helpful
comments.
'Studies that have identified specific endogenous causal factors of economic growth include
Barro (1991); Grossman and Helpman (1994); Lucas (1988); Mankiw, Romer, and Weil
(1992); Pack (1994); Romer (1994); and Solow (1994).
'For a recent discussion of political and economic freedom from an institutional perspective,
see Hanke and Walters (1997).

247

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