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27 Brown J. World Aff. 213 (2020-2021)
Devolution of Informality: Legacies of State-Engineered Hybridity in Libya

handle is hein.journals/brownjwa27 and id is 213 raw text is: Devolution of Informality: Legacies of State-Engineered Hybridity in Libya EMADEDDIN BADI IN CONTEMPORARY LIBYA, A PANOPLY of state and non-state actors forms an unconventional security apparatus. The emergence of the state's hybrid security architecture features prominently in the discussions surrounding the collapse of the Libyan state post-2011, as well as the fragmentation of its political and social orders.' In recent years, the policies of Libya's transitional authorities have contributed to institutionalizing hybridity as a defining feature of the country's security architecture. Since the revolution, security actors have become 213 increasingly entrenched as Libya's weakening central government relinquishes its power to them, often bestowing upon select groups official affiliations by means of recognition and broad mandates.2 They have, in effect, blurred the lines between what is formal and informal, official and unofficial. What this analysis often omits is that the hybrid nature of Libya's security sector did not emerge post-2011. Hybridity is a longstanding feature of the state's security architecture, one that was exacerbated by Muammar Gaddafi's centralization of governance during his four-decades-long rule. By 2011, the Gaddafi regime's ability to monopolize violence relied on a perpetual cycle of coup-proofing the Libyan armed forces.3 This process was concomitant with a covert state-sponsored undertaking to create informal, parallel security structures centered around loyalty to Gaddafi's persona and mandated to protect Gad- dafi as opposed to the nation state. This security sector hybridity shaped the alignment of formal and informal actors with or against Gaddafi in 2011 and EMADEDDIN BADI is a Libyan independent consultant and scholar who specializes in governance, post- conflict stabilization, hybrid security structures and peacebuilding. He is currently a Senior Analyst at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and an Advisor at the Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF). He is also a non-resident Senior Fellow with the Middle East Program at the Atlantic Council. Copyright © 2020 by the Brown Journal of World Affairs FALL/WINTER 2020 * VOLUME XXVII, ISSUE I

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