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24 U. Dayton L. Rev. 405 (1998-1999)
Defamation in the Private Sector: The Libelous and Slanderous Employer

handle is hein.journals/udlr24 and id is 413 raw text is: ARTICLE DEFAMATION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR: THE LIBELOUS AND SLANDEROUS EMPLOYER Frank J. Cavico TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 407 11. TYPES OF EMPLOYER DEFAMATORY STATEMENTS ................................... 409 III. NATURE AND BASIS OF LIABILITY ............................................................. 412 A. Elements of the Cause ofAction ........................................................ 412 B. Strict Liability v. Fault ...................................................................... 413 C. Constitutional Concerns .................................................................... 414 IV. FALSE STATEMENT OF FACT ..................................................................... 416 A. Fact v. Opinion .................................................................................. 416 B. Falsity Prerequisite ........................................................................... 419 V. DEFAMATORY NATURE OF STATEMENT .................................................... 421 A. Harm to Reputation Requirement ...................................................... 421 B. Ascertaining Defamatory Meaning ................................................... 423 VI. DEFAMATION OF AND CONCERNING THE PLAINTIFF ............................. 428 VII. PUBLICATION TO THIRD PARTY ................................................................ 429 A. Fault and Publication ....................................................................... 433 1. Intentional or Negligent Conduct Requirement ......................... 433 2. Overheard, Overseen, and Intercepted Communications ........... 433 3. Compelled or Self-Defamation .................................................. 434 B. Publishers .......................................................................................... 435 VIII. CAUSATION ........................................................................................... 436 IX. DAMAGES: LIBEL AND SLANDER .............................................................. 437 A. Introduction, Definitions, and Distinctions ....................................... 438 B. Damages-Slander ............................................................................. 439 I. Special v. General ...................................................................... 439 2. Slander Per Se ............................................................................ 441 3. Damages-Libel .......................................................................... 446 a. Harm Rule ........................................................................... 446 b. Libel Per Quod .................................................................... 447 C. Types of Damages ............................................................................. 447 405

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