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97 Mich. L. Rev. 291 (1998-1999)
Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and Order-Maintenance Policing New York Style

handle is hein.journals/mlr97 and id is 313 raw text is: REFLECTING ON THE SUBJECT: A CRITIQUE OF THE SOCIAL INFLUENCE CONCEPTION OF DETERRENCE, THE BROKEN WINDOWS THEORY, AND ORDER-MAINTENANCE POLICING NEW YORK STYLE Bernard E. Harcourt* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................ 292 I. ORDER-MAINTENANCE POLICING: A CRITICAL DESCRIPTION ....................................... 301 A. Background .................................... 301 B. The Broken Windows Essay ................... 302 C. The Social Influence Conception of D eterrence ..................................... 305 II. Ti LACK OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EVIDENCE ......... 308 A. Replicating Skogan's Study ..................... 309 B. The Sampson and Cohen Study ................ 329 C. New York City's Falling Crime Rates ........... 331 D. An Alternative Mechanism of Order- Maintenance Policing: Enhanced Surveillance.. 339 III. THE CATEGORIES UNDERLYING ORDER- MAINTENANCE POLICING .......................... 343 A. Who Are the Disorderly? ...................... 343 B. Tracing the Problem Back to Social Theory .... 347 C. Emile Durkheim on Legitimation and Legal Regulation ..................................... 348 * Associate Professor of Law, University of Arizona College of Law. A.B. 1984, Princeton; J.D. 1989, M.A. (Political Science) 1998, Ph.D. Candidate (Political Science), Harvard. - Ed. Special thanks for comments on earlier drafts to Seyla Benhabib, Thomas Ertman, Michael Gottfredson, David Golove, Travis Hirschi, Bonnie Honig, David Kennedy, Duncan Kennedy, Randall Kennedy, Toni Massaro, Tracey Meares, Frank Michelman, Martha Minow, Tanina Rostain, Carol Steiker, Richard Tuck, Robert Williams; participants at the 1998 annual meetings of the American Political Science Association and the Law and Society Association; and my colleagues in the work-in-progress workshop at the University of Arizona. Special thanks for comments and assistance on the quantitative analysis to Gary King, Michael Tomz, and the Data Center staff at Harvard University; and for exceptional research assistance to Maureen Garmon, Jenna Karadbil and Dev Stahlkopf.

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