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50 J. Legis. 429 (2024)
More than Troubling: The Alarming Absence of 'Troubled Teen Industry' Regulation and Proposals for Reform

handle is hein.journals/jleg50 and id is 435 raw text is: MORE THAN TROUBLING: THE ALARMING ABSENCE OF
'TROUBLED TEEN INDUSTRY' REGULATION AND
PROPOSALS FOR REFORM
Morgan Rubino'
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 431
I. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE TTI.............................................................................. 433
A.    Brief History: The TTI's Rise to Popularity ...........................................433
B.     TTI Rebrand: Today's Types of Facilities ...................................................435
1. Juvenile Boot Camps ............................................................................... 435
2. Wilderness Camps...................................................................................436
3. Therapeutic Boarding Schools ............................................................. 437
C.    T  T I  P lacem ents  ...............................................................................................43 8
II.   THE CURRENT REGULATORY LANDSCAPE........................................................ 438
A.    Federal Legislation (or the Lack Thereof).................................................... 438
B.    A Sampling of State Legislation .................................................................... 440
1. California....................................................................................................440
2. Montana.....................................................................................................440
3. Utah ............................................................................................................ 441
4. Missouri..................................................................................................... 442
5. Oregon........................................................................................................ 442
III. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? A NEW APPROACH
TO TTI REGULATION ............................................................................................ 444
A.    A Note on the Lack of Data on the TTI .................................................... 444
B.     The Most Pressing Issues Within the TTI to Tackle ................................... 445
1. Staffing Concerns..................................................................................... 445
© 2024 Morgan Rubino. Individuals and educational institutions may reproduce and distribute
copies of this Article in any format at or below cost, for educational purposes, so long as each copy
identifies the author, provides a citation to the Journal of Legislation, and includes this provision
and proper notice of copyright ownership.
J.D. Candidate, Notre Dame Law       School, 2025; B.A., University of Michigan, 2021.
Thank you to my family, friends, and the editors of the Journal of Legislation for their support in
writing this Note. All errors are my own.

429

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