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90 Calif. L. Rev. 291 (2002)
Is West Virginia Unconstitutional

handle is hein.journals/calr90 and id is 305 raw text is: California Law Review VOL. 90 MARCH 2002 No. 2 Copyright © 2002 by California Law Review, Inc. Is West Virginia Unconstitutional? Vasan Kesavant & Michael Stokes Paulsen] TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Formalism and State Formation: The Story of West Virginia.......... 297 A. Nothing Secedes Like Secession ................................................ 297 B. Lincoln, Formalism, and the Civil War ...................................... 301 C. West Virginia and Formalism: Lincoln's Constitutional Theory Applied........................................................................... 313 D. Playing West Virginia Forward: Rehearsal for Reconstruction............................................................................ 325 E. Reconstructing West Virginia..................................................... 330 II. Textualism and State Creation: The Meaning of Article IV, Section 3............................................................................................ 332 A. The Textual Argument................................................................ 334 1. The Problem of Punctuation................................................. 334 2. The Problem of Ambiguous Modification ........................... 352 3. Conclusions .......................................................................... 362 B. The Historical Argument ............................................................ 363 1. The Public Writings of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists .................................................................... 364 Copyright © 2002 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review, Inc. (CLR) is a California nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications. t Vice President, Francisco Partners. J.D., Yale Law School, 2001. $ Briggs & Morgan Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School. J.D., Yale Law School, 1985. The authors would like to thank our common friend, Professor Akhil Amar of Yale Law School, for arranging this marriage of coauthors-who-have-never-met-personally. Mr. Kesavan would also like to thank Kumar Kesavan and Jennifer Koester. Professor Paulsen would also like to thank Professor Dan Farber and students in their Lincoln and the Constitution seminars at the University of Minnesota Law School, 1997 and 2000, especially Alison Frye (Class of 1998) for her research into the history of West Virginia's creation as a state. 291

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