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18 Whitehead J. Dipl. & Int'l Rel. 20 (2017)
Latin American Resource Populism in the Early 21st Century

handle is hein.journals/whith18 and id is 133 raw text is: Latin American Resource Populism in the Early 21st Century by Marten Brienen INTRODUCTION In recent years, a wave of populism has come over much of the world. In the United States, Donald J. Trump's populist message reverberated among voters sufficiently to see him ascend to the presidency. In Europe, a clearly populist campaign led by Nigel Farage resulted in the looming exit of Great Britain from the European Union. Elsewhere on the continent, Marine Le Pen may not have won the presidential election, but her participation in the runoff was a clear victory for her anti-European and anti-immigrant nationalist platform. Likewise, while many observers were positively gleeful to note that Geert Wilders had not won the Dutch parliamentary elections, as many had feared he might do, but those observers failed to note that his party grew into the second largest in the country, while the traditionally powerful socialists were utterly destroyed.' Latin America seems out of step with the world, as it appears to be currently emerging from a cycle of populist rule commonly referred to as the Pink Tide, which began with the inauguration of Venezuela's Hugo Chdvez in 1999.2 While observers have been declaring the end of the Pink Tide for a few years now, the reality is that the movement is not quite dead yet: Nicolds Maduro remains in power, as does Evo Morales - who appears not quite ready to throw in the towel.' While Rafael Correa has stepped aside in perfectly democratic fashion, his successor, Lenin Moreno, is very much a believer in what has been termed twenty-first century socialism. In this article, I will focus on the more outspoken of the members of the Pink Tide, and suggest that within the resurgence of the left in Latin America there is a distinct subset of populists who have married resource nationalism to populism to produce something altogether separate from the Dr. Marten Brienen taught in both the African and Latin American Studies Programs at the University of Miami from 2004 to 2013. From 2011 to 2013, he served as the director of the Latin American Studies Program at the University of Miami. While he has worked on a variety of subjects, the fundamental principle that binds them together is his ongoing interest in the struggle between marginalized populations and the interests of states in the process of national construction in Latin America. From that perspective, he has in recent years focused primarily on energy security, drug trafficking, and complex emergencies. Seton Hall Journal ofDiplomacy and International Relations

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