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42 Va. J. Int'l L. 365 (2001-2002)
Sorting Out the Debate over Customary International Law

handle is hein.journals/vajint42 and id is 375 raw text is: Sorting Out the Debate Over Customary International Law ERNEST A. YOUNG* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................... 366 I. Customary International Law as Federal Common Law .............. 372 A . The M odem Position ............................................................ 374 B . Som e Exam ples .................................................................... 378 1. A TCA Litigation ............................................................ 378 2. Preemption of State Practices and Customary Law D efenses ........................................................................ 381 3. Customary Norms and Statutory Interpretation ............. 384 C. Is Customary Law Really Law? ........................................... 385 II. Evaluating the Critique ................................................................. 391 A . The Basic Argum ent ............................................................ 392 B. Erie's Constitutional Values: Of Separation of Powers, Democracy, and Federalism ................................................. 394 1. Separation of Pow ers ..................................................... 395 2. Democracy ............................. 398 3. Federalism ..................................................................... 400 * Assistant Professor of Law, University of Texas at Austin. This paper has been prepared for a Symposium on Federal Courts and Foreign Affairs sponsored by the Virginia Journal of International Law in September 2001. I am grateful to Curt Bradley and the Journal for organizing the symposium and inviting me to participate; to my commenters, Dan Meltzer and Mike Ramsey, for their thoughtful responses to this essay; to Sarah Cleveland, Jack Getman, Jack Goldsmith, John Gotanda, Doug Laycock, Brian Leiter, Gerald Neuman, Steve Ratner, Larry Sager, Peter Spiro, Russell Weintraub and Patrick Woolley for helpful conversations and comments on drafts; and to Rajkumar Vinnakota and Beth Youngdale for research assistance. Any mistakes that managed to survive this gauntlet should be blamed on Professor Meltzer, who not only taught me most of what I know about Federal Courts law but also inspired me to become a teacher of that subject. Finally, I am always thankful to (and for) Allegra Young as a matter of general principle.

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