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5 Tex. Rev. L. & Pol. 267 (2000-2001)
The Use and Abuse of Executive Orders and Other Presidential Directives

handle is hein.journals/trlp5 and id is 277 raw text is: THE USE AND ABUSE OF ExEcuTIvE ORDERS AND OTHER PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVES TODD F. GAZIANO* I. INTRODUGTION ................................................................. 269 II. THE SEPARATION OF POWERS ........................................... 271 III. DEFINING PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVES ............................... 273 A. Early Presidential Directives .......................................... 273 B. Sources of Presidential Authority ................................... 276 IV. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS ............................. 282 A. The History of Executive Orders .................................... 282 B. Lawful Orders, Bad Policy ............................................ 287 C. Types of Presidential Directives ...................................... 288 D. Procedures for Issuing Proclamations and Executive Orders ........................................................... 292 E. Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders by the N umbers ................................................................. 295 V. A SURVEY OF CLINTON PROCLAMATIONS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS .......................................................... 297 A. Proclamations .............................................................. 297 B. Administrative Orders ...... ............................................. 301 C. Substantive Orders ........................................................ 303 * Senior Fellow in Legal Studies and Director of the Center for Legal Judicial Studies at The Heritage Foundation. The original version of this article was published as a study by The Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C. See TODD F. GAZIANO, THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION, THE USE AND ABUSE OF EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND OTHER PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVES (2001), The author wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Heritage Foundation personnel in various aspects of this article. Edwin Meese III provided overall direction and advice. The review of President Clinton's proclamations and executive orders and part of the text in Part V were a collaborative effort supported by The Heritage Foundation, and included substantial work by Angela Antonelli, Dan Fisk, Mark Wilson, Roger Clegg, and Rick Otis. Editorial and research assistance with the Heritage paper were provided by Christopher Summers, Robert Corzine, Emily Stimpson, and Jan Smith.

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