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30 Technium Soc. Sci. J. 138 (2022)
The Evolutionary Course of Theory of Mind - Factors That Facilitate or Inhibit Its Operation & the Role of ICTs

handle is hein.journals/techssj30 and id is 139 raw text is: Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 30, 138-158, April, 2022 ISSN: 2668-7798 SOCIAL SCIENCES JOURNAL w tehi scneco www. techniumscience. comn The Evolutionary Course of Theory of Mind - Factors that facilitate or inhibit its operation & the role of ICTs Victoria Bamicha, Athanasios Drigas 1 2Net Media Lab Mind - Brain R&D IIT - N.C.S.R. Demokritos , Athens, Greece victbami@gmail.coml, dr@iit.demokritos.gr2 Abstract. The Theory of Mind is a bridge of mental understanding between us and others. Its proper functioning provides opportunities for communication, effective social interaction, development on a cognitive and metacognitive level. The present study aims to examine its developmental stages from infancy to adolescence, as well as the main factors that stimulate or defeat its course. The crucial development of executive skills, language function, and the importance of the role of ICTs is pointed out, as they compensate for the difficulties in the formation of Theory of Mind and promote its continuous improvement throughout an individual's life. Keywords. theory of mind, explicit and implicit theory of mind, executive function, social cognition, metacognition, intention understanding, false belief first and second order, individual differences, neural processing, ICTs 1. Introduction A man participates in a selection of social interactions to fulfill social goals, related to obtaining information, influencing people's behaviors, developing emotional intimacy. The success of his social interactions depends significantly on the ability of Theory of Mind (ToM), his ability to think, to process the thoughts, intentions, beliefs, feelings of others, thus can understand and predict their behavioral reactions. (Byom, & Mutlu, 2013). This complex mental skill presupposes the perception of the causal relationship between mental states and the behavior that results from them. Consequently, it is necessary to know that people experience different types of mental states in different ways, which may not be identical to their own. (Samson, 2009). According to research, we first understand similarities - differences of our perspectives about others, and then we realize their intentions, desires, knowledge, beliefs, emotional responses. This critical point of exchange of metal view in social knowledge, appears gradually with the development of joint attention in infants, serving a function of communication before language development (Mundy, 2018). ToM is associated with primary social, emotional, and cognitive skills, especially verbal ability (receptive and expressive vocabulary), knowledge of emotions (Brock, Kim, Gutshall, & Grissmer, 2018). Its development does not require only reasoning processes but includes specific brain connections and involves higher cognitive processes such as the 138

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