Public Restrooms: Flipping the Default Rules
![handle is hein.journals/ohslj78 and id is 151 raw text is:
Public Restrooms: Flipping the Default Rules
RUTH COLKER*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION .........................................146
II. THE EMERGENCE AND ENTRENCHMENT OF SEX-SEGREGATED
RESTROOMS ...........................................152
A. The History of the Public Restroom ............ .....152
B. The Fear of Unisex Bathrooms .............. ....157
III. PUBLIC RESTROOMS AS A CONSTITUTIONAL VIOLATION.............160
A. State Action ............................ .....160
B. The Harm Created by Sex-Segregated Restrooms................161
1. Introduction ..............................161
2. Sex-Segregated Bathrooms as Sexual Stereotyping........163
3. Women's Exclusion from All-Male Space..... .....167
C. Some Doctrinal Complications ............... .....169
* Ruth Colker, Distinguished University Professor & Heck-Faust Memorial Chair in
Constitutional Law, Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University. I would like to
thank Moritz librarian Stephanie Ziegler for her assistance and Professors Martha
Chamallas, Carla Corroto, David Levine, Marc Spindelman, and Timothy Zick, as well as
the students in my Sex, Sexuality and the Law class, for their helpful suggestions. The
image can be found at The Young Turks, New Law Requires Gender Neutral Bathroom
Signs, YouTUBE (Jan. 17, 2015), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v-OftnXxA t-I
[https://perma.cc/9ZMM-9WKD]. It is reportedly being displayed in West Hollywood,
California where local law requires all single-stall restrooms to be gender neutral.](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/ohslj78&div=15&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Public Restrooms: Flipping the Default Rules
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