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29 Ariz. St. L.J. 205 (1997)
Indian Gaming: Social Consequences

handle is hein.journals/arzjl29 and id is 217 raw text is: INDIAN GAMING: Social Consequences Eric Henderson I. INTRODUCTION American Indians, prior to European contact, participated in a multitude of games and gaming activities. Gambling figured prominently in a number of myths' and was an important social activity. Thus, contemporary Indian gaming, as it emerged in the context of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA ),2 has distant roots in the histories of the 3 various tribes, and constitutes a response to current economic and social conditions. Examination of historical and ethnographic materials is an appropriate prelude to analysis of the social consequences of gaming for contemporary Indian communities. As with other aspects of Indian culture, society and polity, the history of contact with non-Indians and changes in federal policies have influenced gaming. Gaming under the IGRA must be understood within the context of the recent rapid expansion of legalized gambling throughout the nation. The nearly 200 gaming enterprises operated on Indian reservations and trust * Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Northern Iowa. Law Clerk to Justice Stanley Feldman, Arizona Supreme Court (1983-84) and to Judge Joseph Livermore, Arizona Court of Appeals (1985). Counsel to the Minority Leader, Arizona House of Representatives, 1985-91. I would like to thank Professors Joseph Jorgensen, Rebecca Tsosie, and Thomas Hill for reading and commenting on an early draft of this paper. Thanks are also due to Jim Cohen and Dr. Rachel Volberg for comments on portions of an earlier draft, and to Donna Ong of the Arizona State Law Journal for her constructive and helpful editing. Moreover, I am grateful to several members of the San Juan Southern Paiute, Ute Mountain Ute and Navajo nations for discussing gaming and other issues with me. Some comments contained in footnotes rely upon these discussions. Some of these discussions were held when I was working on a separate project funded by the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (PHS Grant No. 5ROI AA09420). 1. For the importance of gaming in myths, see infra text accompanying notes 86-92; for the significance of social activities, see infra notes 56, 63-77 and accompanying text. 2. 25 U.S.C. §§ 2701-2721 (1994). 3. Given the diversity of tribal histories and ideologies, few generalizations will apply to all groups.

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