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9 J. Pol. & L. 29 (2016)
The Impact of Globalization on Development of Civil Society in Iran with an Emphasis on Political Parties & the Press

handle is hein.journals/jpola9 and id is 1179 raw text is: Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 9, No. 7; 2016 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Impact of Globalization on Development of Civil Society in Iran with an Emphasis on Political Parties & the Press Arash Sadeghizeidi 1 Department of Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Correspondence: Arash Sadeghizeidi, Department of Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Arashsadeghil22125@gmail.com Received: April 24, 2016 Accepted: May 10, 2016 Online Published: July 22, 2016 doi:10.5539/jpl.v9n7p29 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n7p29 Abstract Globalization as an emerging and pervasive phenomenon has had a significant impact on various aspects of human life. Development and influence of this phenomenon have been accelerated as a result of the Soviet Union's collapse, the spread of neo-liberal economics and communications, and information revolution since 1980s. Therefore, this research aims at analyzing the effect of globalization on two important institutions of civil society. Another purpose of the recent research is answering a question regarding globalization as a new and inclusive phenomenon. This question can be considered as How globalization affects the development of Iran's civil society especially the press and political parties? This question has been formed because previous studies indicated that globalization has led to the development of political parties and the press in Iran as a result of political culture development. To substantiate this question, dimensions and the process of its impacts in Iran have been studied in this research. Also, the impact of globalization on political culture, parties, and the press has been evaluated in this research. Keywords: civil society, globalization, political culture, political parties, press 1. Introduction In the past two decades, we have witnessed the increasing impact of a phenomenon on various aspects of human life that called globalization. Globalization refers to the process of international integration resulted from the interchange of world views, ideas, and other cultural factors. Today, a comprehensive range detection of globalization in various fields of human life, make it complicated so that scientists are not able to provide a precise definition and they have offered diverse and contradictory definitions. Some scientists have studied globalization from the negative comments points of view. Others have adopted a positive opinion and there were those who had interstitial treatment. The spread of democratic culture is one of the consequences of globalization in the world. Today, the majorities of people consider democracy as the best method of governance and pursue it. Democracy is in fact a system of government in which all the people of a state are involved in the process of decision making especially through voting to elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly. Strong civil society is one the most influential cases that help modern societies to achieve democracy. Civil society is an independent department of the state that acts as a fender against government. This community is comprised of autonomous groups and has a population of diverse values and beliefs that live in peaceful coexistence. Civil society include many organizations and institutions due to its pluralistic nature such as influential groups, pressure groups, unions, associations, the media, political parties, unions and other political groups that are competing with each other for power. So we have restricted the topic of this study. In this regard, civil society has both implications of political parties and the press which compared with other institutions of civil society has sublime position in achieving to democracy. In this article, regarding the answer to the question, to what extent globalization as a new and pervasive phenomenon has affected on development of civil society in Iran particularly on political parties and the press? We hypothesized that globalization have provided backgrounds for civil society development by democratic culture development. In this course the parties have been more fortunate than the press. Albeit, it is worthy to say that the time domain of this article is from 1997 to 2013. So parties and press are studied in two 8-year period. It is essential to consider different dimensions and aspects of globalization for understanding its impact on civil society. Then we can find out various indices and influential aspects of this phenomenon based on these cases. In discussing globalization dimensions, it is important to note 29

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