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41 U. Haw. L. Rev. 260 (2018-2019)
Adjudication vs. Negotiation in Protecting Environmental Commons

handle is hein.journals/uhawlr41 and id is 281 raw text is: Adjudication vs. Negotiation in Protecting Environmental Commons Daniel Bodansky* I. IN T R O D U C T IO N ............................................................................................ 260 II. WHAT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL COMMONS? ...................................... 261 III. WHAT ROLE MIGHT COURTS PLAY IN PROTECTING ENVIRONM ENTAL COM M ONS? .................................................................... 262 IV. NEGOTIATION VERSUS ADJUDICATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ................................................ 264 V . T H RE E CA U TIO N S ...................................................................................... 266 VI. HOW INTERNATIONAL COURTS ARE DIFFERENT ............................. 268 V II. CO N TEN TIO U S CA SES ............................................................................ 270 V III. A D V ISO RY O PIN IO N S ............................................................................. 273 IX. COMPARING NEGOTIATION WITH ADJUDICATION .......................... 275 I. INTRODUCTION In its list, Top 10 Developments in International Law in 2018, Oxford University Press ranked [p]rotecting the environment through the courts Number 1.1 The ranking is presumably based more on future potential than past achievement since, to date, the actual impact of international environmental adjudication has been rather modest. In support of the listing, the OUP blog cites only the International Court of Justice's (I.C.J.) latest opinion in Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, concerning damage to a wetland in Costa Rica,2 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights' advisory opinion on the right to a healthy environment,3 and domestic cases in Colombia4 and the * Regent's Professor, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University. Thanks to Susan Biniaz and Jutta Brunnde for their very helpful comments. Any mistakes in the article are, of course, my own. Merel Alstein, Top Ten Developments in International Law in 2018, OUPBLOG (Dec. 31, 2018), https://blog.oup.com/2018/12/top-ten-developments-intemational-law-2018. 2 Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicar.), Judgment, (Feb. 2, 2018), https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/150/150-20180202-JUD- 01-00-EN.pdf. 3 The Environment and Human Rights (State obligations in relation to the environment in the context of the protection and guarantee of the rights to life and to personal integrity - interpretation and scope of Articles 4(1) and 5(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-23/17, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. A) No. 23 (Nov. 15, 2017). 4 Corte Suprema de Justicia [C.S.J.] [Supreme Court], Sala de Casaci6n Civil abril 5,

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