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25 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 253 (2000)
How Intellectual Property Could Be a Tool to Protect Traditional Knowledge

handle is hein.journals/cjel25 and id is 259 raw text is: How Intellectual Property Could Be a Tool to Protect Traditional Knowledge David R. Downes* I. Introduction ................................................................................ 254 II. A Preliminary Critique of the Current International Debate ...... 257 A. Oversimplification Regarding Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) .............................. 258 B. Exclusive Focus on Market-Based IPRs ............................. 259 C. Moralistic and Absolute Language For and Against IPRs ..261 III. Recommendations on Using Intellectual Property to Implement Article 80) of the Convention on Biological D iversity ..................................................................................... 264 A. Maintain or Expand Life Patenting Exception and Sui Generis Clause under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement ............... 266 B. Explore the Development of Geographical Indications or Trademarks for Products of Indigenous and Local Communities' Traditional Knowledge ................................ 268 C. Consider Requiring Patent Applications to Disclose Traditional Knowledge and Origin of Genetic Resources U sed in the Invention .......................................................... 274 D. Authors' Moral Rights and Other Models for Protecting Traditional Knowledge ........................................................ 276 E. Conduct Case Studies on the Impact of IPRs on the Control and Sharing of Benefits from Specific Uses of Traditional Knowledge and Associated Genetic R esources ............................................................................ 276 1. Example #1: The Turmeric Patent ................................. 278 2. Example #2: The Ayahuasca Patent .............................. 279 * Senior Advisor on Trade and the Environment, Office of the Secretary, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. At the time of writing, the author was Senior Attorney, Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), and Adjunct Lecturer, American University College of Law, Washington, D.C. The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily represent the position of the Department of the Interior, the United States government, or CIEL. The author is grateful to Kristen Genovese and the Journal staff for editorial assistance. Portions of this article appeared in a discussion paper distributed by the Center for International Environmental Law at an international workshop on traditional knowledge under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity held in Madrid in November 1997.

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