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20 Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L. 286 (1999)
The Screening of America: The Social and Legal Framework of Employers' Use of Genetic Information

handle is hein.journals/berkjemp20 and id is 292 raw text is: The Screening of America: The Social and Legal Framework of Employers' Use of Genetic Information Elaine Draper* I. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 287 II. GENETIC SCREENING ........................................ 289 A. Genetic Screening Overview .......................... 289 B. Issues Raised by Genetic Screening ................... 290 1. Effectiveness and Scientific Validity ............... 290 2. D iscrim ination ................................... 291 3. Privacy Concerns ................................ 293 4. Identifying Problem Employees ................ 296 III. DRUG SCREENING ........................................... 297 A. Drug Screening Overview ............................ 297 B. Issues Raised by Drug Screening ...................... 298 1. Effectiveness and Scientific Validity ............... 298 a. The Lemming Effect from Employers' Wish to Deter Drug Users ............................ 299 b. The Failure to Detect Worker Impairment, Prescription Drugs, and Alcohol .............. 299 2. Drug Testing and Discrimination ................. 301 3. Privacy Concerns ................................ 301 4. Policing Drug Use of Problem Employees .. ..... 302 IV. COMPLEXITIES OF U.S. LAW AND SOCIETY AFFECTING GENETIC AND DRUG SCREENING ............................ 304 A. Statutes That Mandate or Encourage Testing .......... 304 B. Culture and Politics .................................. 305 C. Immutable Characteristics Vs. Lifestyle Choices ....... 306 D. The Turf-Expanding Function of Testing ............... 307 E . Title VII ............................................. 308 F. Social Stratification and Class Distinctions ............ 310 G. Distinctions Between Applicants and Incumbents ....... 311 * Ph.D., J.D. Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley. I am grateful to Kenneth Karst, G. William Domhoff, Gillian Lester, Eugene Volokh, and Ruth Roemer for their thoughtful criti- cism of earlier versions of this work. I also wish to thank the Russell Sage Foundation and the Haynes Foundation for their generous research support. © Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, Volume 20, No. 2, 1999.

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