Arctic Marine Subsistence Use Mapping: Tools for Communities
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Arctic Marine
Subsistence Use
Mapping: Tools
for Communities
by Layla Hughes, Maryann Fidel, and
Jim Gamble
Layla Hughes is the Arctic Policy Advisor at Aleut
International Association. Maryann Fidel is a Research
Professional at the University of Alaska Anchorage, Aleut
International Association. Jim Gamble is Executive
Director of the Aleut International Association.
Summary
Identifying marine areas of significance for Arctic
communities is crucial for preventing future con-
flicts between coastal communities and marine-based
industries. The Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment
2009 Report recommends that states conduct surveys
on Arctic marine use by indigenous communities to
help assess impacts from Arctic shipping activities.
Arctic indigenous use mapping practices employed to
date include a range of practices used in mapping the
indigenous use of Arctic marine resources. Techniques
employed in both the terrestrial and marine context
can inform a methodology developed specifically for
marine use mapping.
he objective of this Article is to provide a broad
overview of Arctic indigenous use mapping prac-
tices employed to date and to identify a range of
practices used in mapping the indigenous use of Arctic
marine resources in order to provide Arctic communities
with the information they need to map their use of Arctic
waters. Although a number of studies examine the method-
ology of subsistence use mapping in the Arctic, most focus
on terrestrial use mapping and do not specifically address
the marine environment.1 Thus, a closer look at method-
ologies that work in the marine environment is needed. In
addition, the choices for how a community maps its use
will depend on the purpose for which the maps are cre-
ated and upon the preferences and resources of each par-
ticular community. Thus, a full range of options should
be presented. Finally, regardless of the options selected, a
community will want to ensure that its maps are appropri-
ately created for their intended use. Thus, it is important
to ensure that the maps meet minimum requirements tai-
lored to their intended purpose. This Article begins with
an overview of techniques employed in both the terrestrial
and marine context that can inform the choices available
to communities that want to map their use of the marine
environment. The Article then examines specific examples
of Arctic marine use mapping in order to provide a baseline
understanding of options for creating Arctic indigenous
marine use maps.
Identifying marine areas of significance for Arctic com-
munities is crucial for preventing future conflicts between
coastal communities and marine-based industries. The
Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA) 2009 Report
identified the need for regional analyses of traditional
marine use patterns (spatial and seasonal) for application
in the development of strategies and measures to reduce
potential conflicts and impacts of multiple users of arctic
waterways.2 AMSA recommendation IIA provides, the
Arctic States should consider conducting surveys on Arc-
tic marine use by indigenous communities where gaps are
identified to collect information for establishing up-to-
date baseline data to assess impacts from Arctic shipping
1. See, e.g., Linda J. Ellanna et al., Subsistence Mapping: An Evaluation and
Methodological Guidelines, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Depart-
ment of Subsistence, Tech. Paper No. 125 (1985); Terry N. Tobias, Living
Proof- 7he Essential Data-Collection Guide for Indigenous Use-and- Occupancy
Map Surveys, Ecotrust Canada, Vancouver (2009); Mike Robinson, Map-
ping How We Use Our Land Using Participatory Action Research, Arctic Insti-
tute of North America, Calgary, AB (1994); TERRY GARVIN ET AL., A GUIDE
TO CONDUCTING A TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND LAND-USE STUDY (Ed-
monton: Northern Forestry Centre 2001); Jamie Honda-McNeil, Best Prac-
tices Handbook for Traditional Use Studies, Alberta Aboriginal Affairs and
Northern Development and Denise Parsons, Alberta Department of Energy
(2003).
2. ARCTIC COUNCIL, ARCTIC MARINE SHIPPING ASSESSMENT 2009 REPORT
132 (2009) [hereinafter AMSA].
NEWS & ANALYSIS
10-2013
43 ELR 10909](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/elrna43&div=131&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Arctic Marine Subsistence Use Mapping: Tools for Communities
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