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66 Foreign Aff. 58 (1987-1988)
Assad and His Allies: Irreconcilable Differences

handle is hein.journals/fora66 and id is 70 raw text is: Christopher Dickey
ASSAD AND HIS ALLIES:
IRRECONCILABLE DIFFERENCES?
O     n February 22, 1987, President Hafez al-Assad of Syria
deployed more than 7,000 Syrian troops into West Beirut.
Their immediate aim in the capital of neighboring Lebanon
was to stop the furious warfare that had raged for a week
between feuding militias. But for Assadthe stakes were much
higher than the peace of Beirut's streets. Syria had undergone
a rapid succession of setbacks in its relations with the West,
deepening economic crisis at home, and humiliations in Leba-
non at the hands not only of Assad's enemies but of his two
most powerful allies: Iran and the Soviet Union. Indeed, Leb-
anon had become a crucible where those relations were con-
stantly tested and often found wanting, and there the potential
began to emerge for major changes in Syrian foreign policy.
The question of how Syria's difficulties with two very differ-
ent allies have developed, and where those tensions will lead,
is tied intimately to the course of the Iran-Iraq war, the
Palestinian question, the Arab-Israeli peace process and the
fate of American hostages. In a region beset by intractable and
interrelated stalemates one looks for variables that might
change the equation, and Syria's alliances have shown more
signs of shifting than any other relationships, hostile or friendly,
in the Middle East.
Can the West, especially Washington, exploit the situation?
Can it hope for a major realignment in Syria's relations with
either Iran or the Soviet Union? In June, as Assad's problems
continued to multiply with the assassination of Lebanon's pro-
Syrian Prime Minister Rashid Karami, then the kidnapping of
American journalist Charles Glass just 350 yards from a Syrian
checkpoint, Washington seemed to sense an opportunity. It
was less than seven months since the United States had with-
drawn its ambassador to Damascus, charging Syria with support
for international terrorism. President Reagan wrote to Assad
personally, and in early July he dispatched U.N. Ambassador

Christopher Dickey is the Newsweek bureau chief in Cairo.

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