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16 Eur. J. Crime Crim. L. & Crim. Just. 155 (2008)
An Overview of the Illicit Narcotics Problem in the Islamic Republic of Iran

handle is hein.journals/eccc16 and id is 163 raw text is: MARTINUS n NIJHOFF European Journal of Crime, P U B L I S H E R S Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 16 (2008) 155-170 -w.brl.nlccJ An Overview of the Illicit Narcotics Problem in the Islamic Republic of Iran Akbar Aliverdinia and William Alex Pridemore Department of Social Sciences, faculty of Humanities, Mazandaran University Babolsar, Iran; and Indiana University, Department of Criminal Justice, Bloomington, Indiana i. Introduction The problem of illicit narcotics is one of the most complex challenges currently facing Iranian society. Due to the Iranian political structure and its ideological and religious sensitivity to drug use, however, there is little awareness of these is- sues outside the country. This makes our description of illicit drug production, trafficking, and consumption in the Islamic Republic of Iran one of the first of its kind to appear in the Western literature. As a result of its geographical position between drug producing nations on its eastern borders and drug consuming nations in the West, the Islamic Republic of Iran suffers in multiple ways from the spillover of the drug trade. For example, drug traffickers are using Iran's territory as the shortest major land route for transit of narcotics from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Europe. The Iranian government currently spends about 400 million U.S. dollars annually at the national level to fight drug transit and trafficking through the country. Further, Iranian government official reports estimate that 1.5-2 percent (about 1.3 million people) of the Iranian population has a serious drug problem.' Another 400 million U.S. dollars is spent annually on demand reduction programs including treatment, rehabilitation, and the social reintegration of addicts, and these measures are largely unilateral, carried ') Drug Control Headquarters. Anti-Drug Effurts of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Tehran 1998). © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008 DOI: 10. 1163/157181708X(308434

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