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27 Berkeley J. Gender L. & Just. 198 (2012)
Still Hidden in the Closet: Trans Women and Domestic Violence

handle is hein.journals/berkwolj27 and id is 216 raw text is: Still Hidden in the Closet: Trans Women and Domestic Violence Kae Greenbergt ABSTRACT This article addresses the issue of domestic violence against trans women in abusive relationships and examines reasons why they are particularly and uniquely vulnerable. It discusses how both social and legal rules governing gender identity contribute to an abuser's ability to isolate hir victim. It also illuminates how the conscious and unconscious transphobia of service providers heightens this ability. Finally, it discusses the recent reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act and the impact that proposed changes may have for trans women victims of domestic violence. INTRODUCTION ................................................... 199 I. TRAPPED BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: THE MECHANICS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE .................................. ......204 A. Overview of Social Entrapment and Battered Women's Syndrome ...............................................205 II. SOCIAL ENTRAPMENT AND TRANS WOMEN ................ ......208 A. Medicalization ............................................ 208 B. Stigmatization ....................................... 210 C. Isolation from Family and Friends ................... .....214 D. Internalized Transphobia ....................................216 E. Small Communities, Small Networks ......................218 F. Outing......................................... .....219 III. NOWHERE TO RUN: THE TRANSPHOBIA OF SOCIETY ................220 A. Legal Genders and Gender Markers on Identity Documents............221 f J.D. Temple University Beasley School of Law, 2011; B.A., NYU Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2005. For their helpful and insightful comments on this article during various stages of its gestation, and patience with its author, the author would like to thank: Professor Elizabeth Sheehy, Professor Kim Pate, Alexander Baril, Natalie Hrubos, Diana Courvant, Professor Nancy Knauer, Professor Leonore Carpenter, Harper Jean Tobin, Theo Cornetta, Brian Greenberg, Susan Greenberg, Molly Greenberg, Katie Ottati, and, above all, Romina Gomez. BERKELEY JOURNAL OF GENDER, LAW & JUSTICE 198

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