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100 Foreign Aff. 128 (2021)
Strategies of Restraint: Remaking America's Broken Foreign Policy

handle is hein.journals/fora100 and id is 994 raw text is: Strategies of Restraint
Remaking America's Broken Foreign Policy
Emma Ashford
For nearly three decades after the end of the Cold War, U.S.
foreign policy was characterized by a bipartisan consensus:
that as the world's indispensable nation and with no com-
petitor, the United States had little choice but to pursue a transfor-
mational agenda on the world stage. Over the last few years, however,
that consensus has collapsed. A growing chorus of voices are advocat-
ing a strategy of restraint-a less activist approach that focuses on
diplomatic and economic engagement over military intervention.
And they have found a receptive audience.
In that, they have undoubtedly been helped by circumstance: the
United States' failed war on terror, the rise of China, and growing par-
tisan polarization at home have all made it clear that U.S. foreign policy
cannot simply remain on autopilot. Even those who continue to argue
for an interventionist approach to the world typically acknowledge that
their strategy must be shorn of its worst excesses. Where restraint was
once excluded from the halls of power and confined largely to academic
journals, now some of its positions have become official policy.
Although President Donald Trump's record was defined by dys-
function more than any coherent strategy, he did wind down the war
in Afghanistan, raise doubts about the value of U.S. alliances in Eu-
rope and Asia, and question the wisdom of military intervention
and democracy promotion. President Joe Biden, for his part, has
begun withdrawing U.S. troops from Afghanistan, has initiated a
review of the United States' global military posture, and has taken
steps to stabilize the U.S.-Russian relationship. In 2019, Jake Sulli-
van, now Biden's national security adviser, wrote, The U.S. must
get better at seeing both the possibilities and the limits of American
power. That this sentiment is now openly embraced at the highest
EMMA ASHFORD is a Senior Fellow at the New American Engagement Initiative at the
Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security.

128 FOREIGN AFFAIRS

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