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33 UCLA L. Rev. 77 (1985-1986)
Criteria for Districting: A Social Science Perspective

handle is hein.journals/uclalr33 and id is 93 raw text is: CRITERIA FOR DISTRICTING: A SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE Bernard Grofman* INTRODUCTION In this Article I examine the many criteria that have been ' Professor of Political Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of Cal- ifornia, Irvine. I have served as an expert witness in state legislative or congres- sional reapportionment cases in seven states (including two cases now pending before the U.S. Supreme Court-Bandemer v. Davis, 603 F. Supp. 1479 (S.D. Ind. 1984), prob. juris. noted, 105 S. Ct. 1840 (1985), an Indiana legislative case involving the allegation of partisan gerrymandering (in which I testified for the defendant, the State of Indiana), and Gingles v. Edmisten, 590 F. Supp. 345 (E.D.N.C. 1984), prob. juis. noted sub nom. Thornburg v. Gingles, 105 S. Ct. 2137 (1985), a North Carolina legislative case involving alleged violations of § 2 of the Voting Rights Act (in which I testified for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund)). I have also served as a court-appointed expert to the Special Master appointed by a federal district court in the New York legislative and congressional § 5 voting rights case, Flateau v. Anderson, 537 F. Supp. 257 (S.D.N.Y. 1982), and as an expert witness in city council redistricting and other local reapportionment cases in several additional states. The views expressed in this Article are entirely my own, reached on the basis of my scholarly research on reapportionment issues. I would, though, like to acknowledge my indebtedness to the many able attorneys with whom I have worked over the past four years (especially Robert Patterson, Michael Hess, Leslie Winner, Lani Guinier, Peter McGee, Norman Benoit, John Boehnert, Frank Parker, James Parinello, Marguerite Leoni, Bill Evans, Steven Perlmutter, Theo- dore Halaby, Stephen Thomas, Ellen Weber, and Poli Marmalejos); to helpful con- versations with Paul Hancock, James Loewen, Jose Garza, Kimball Brace, and Susan Dwyer-Shick; to the staff of the Word Processing Center, School of Social Sciences, UCI, who have been indefatigable in preparing multiple drafts of this and many other manuscripts; and to my past and present secretaries, Sue Pursche and Dorothy Gormick, and my research assistant, Wendy Fan, whose bibliographic and proofreading assistance has been invaluable. The reapportionment research reported herein was supported in part. by Na- tional Science Foundation Grants SES 81-07554 and SES 84-21050, Political Sci- ence Program, and by a 1984 seed grant from the UCI Academic Senate Committee on Ethnic Studies Research. Work on this Article was carried on in part while a Guest Scholar at the Brookings Institution. I would like to acknowl- edge my gratitude to the Governmental Studies Program at Brookings for provid- ing me a congenial work environment during Fall 1984.

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