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15 Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 235 (2006-2007)
NGOs in Russia: Is the Recent Russian NGO Legislation the End of Civil Society in Russia

handle is hein.journals/tulicl15 and id is 239 raw text is: NGOs In Russia: Is the Recent Russian NGO Legislation the End of Civil Society in Russia? Michael P. Maxwell* I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 235 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................... 240 A. Defming an NGO ................................................................... 240 B. Functions ofNGOs in International Law .............................. 241 1. Fostering Civil Society and Democracy ........................ 242 2. Criticisms of NGOs ................................ ..... .. 244 C. The Role ofNGOs in Russia .................................................. 245 D. Legal Foundatdons for NGOs in Russia ................................. 247 Ill. FEDERAL LAW NO. 18-FZ ................................................................ 251 A . O niginal Dr ft .......................................................................... 251 B. Current Version ....................................................................... 252 1. Denial of Registration .................................................... 253 2. New Authority To Exercise Control over Public Associations and NCOs ................................................. 256 3. Reporting Requirements of Foreign NGO Branches or Representative Offices .............................. 257 4. Restrictions on Foreign Nationals ................................. 257 C. The Role of the Judciry ....................................................... 258 IV THE END OF CIVIL SOCIETY? ........................................................... 262 I. INTRODUCTION In the last few decades, the number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating throughout the world increased dramatically.1 NGOs have pressed for and gained greater recognition and participatory rights in international law and policy making, whereas before they played only a negligible role.2 While many feel that NGOs currently play an invaluable role in promoting human rights, political * J.D. candidate 2007, Tulane University School of Law; B.A. 2004, University of Louisville. The author would like to thank Toni Maxwell for her continued support. 1. Kerstin Martens, Examining the (Non-) Status of NGOs in International Law, IND. J. GLOBAL LEGAL STUD., Spring 2003, at 1. 2. Stephan Hobe, The Era of Globalisation as a Challenge to International Law, 40 DUQ. L. RE. 655, 660 (2002).

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