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21 Nigerian L.J. 168 (2018)
Water Scarcity and Underground Water Pollution in Africa

handle is hein.journals/nlj21 and id is 173 raw text is: Water Scarcity and Underground Water Pollution in Africa Izuoma Egeruoh-Adindu* Ijeoma Anozie** Abstract Lack of potable water is one of the leading challenges faced by over a billion people globally. The Sub Saharan Africa has the largest number of water-stressed countries than any other part of the world. Records reveal that about 319 million people in Sub-Sahara Africa face mounting challenges in accessing potable water. Though water chain starts off as a natural resource, it ends up as a commodity. The economic value on water requires that water is made good for consumption by undergoing certain processes which make the supply limited. Research has also shown that population growths, as well as urbanization, are also major causes of water scarcity in Africa, such that in-land water resources are being squeezed by human activities resulting in recurrent pollution and poor water quality. Statistics have shown that at least 1.8 billion people worldwide are estimated to drink water that is contaminated. The importance of water cannot be overemphasized as it cuts across agricultural development, industrial growth and human development. Safe drinking water and sanitation are indispensable to sustain life and health, and fundamental to the dignity of all. This paper using doctrinal research methodology seeks to examine the legal and regulatory measures put in place by African countries to eliminate water scarcity/pollution and the enforcement of these legal frameworks. Furthermore, the paper does a comparative analysis of the operational and managerial structures of the water sector in three selected African regions and concludes with recommendations from the region with a successful water supply regime. The aim is to improve the quality of water supply in Africa, and ultimately, the quality of living, economic growth, and development. Keywords: Water, Water scarcity, underground water pollution. * Research Fellow Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Abuja; L.L.B, B.L, LL.M, Ph.D. Candidate (University of Jos Nigeria);Izuegeruoh@ymail.com Research Fellow Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Supreme Complex Abuja; B.A, LL.B, LL.M ( University of Nigeria Nsukka)

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