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30 Mich. J. Int'l L. 305 (2008-2009)
A Critical Guide to the Iraqi High Tribunal's ANFAL Judgment: Genocide against the Kurds

handle is hein.journals/mjil30 and id is 311 raw text is: A CRITICAL GUIDE TO THE IRAQI HIGH TRIBUNAL'S ANFAL JUDGMENT: GENOCIDE AGAINST THE KURDS Jennifer Trahan* 1. BACKGROUND TO THE ANFAL TRIAL ....................................... 308 A. Formation of the Iraqi High Tribunal and the D ujail Trial .................................................................. 308 B. Overview of the Anfal Trial ................................................ 310 1. The Trial Phases .......................................................... 311 C . Fair Trial Issues ................................................................. 315 II. THE ANFAL TRIAL CHAMBER JUDGMENT ................................ 318 A. Overview of the Convictions .............................................. 318 B . Ali H assan al-M ajid .......................................................... 320 1. The Tribunal's Conclusions as to Majid's R ole in the A nfal ......................................................... 320 2. Majid's Genocide Convictions .................................... 324 3. Majid's Crimes Against Humanity Convictions .......... 337 4. Majid's War Crimes Convictions ................................ 350 C. Sultan Hashim Ahmad ....................................................... 357 1. The Tribunal's Conclusions as to Sultan Ahmad's R ole in the A nfal ......................................................... 358 2. Sultan Ahmad's Genocide Convictions ....................... 360 3. Sultan Ahmad's Crimes Against Humanity C onvictions .................................................................. 365 4. Sultan Ahmad's War Crimes Convictions ................... 371 D . H ussein Rashid al- ikriti ................................................... 375 1. The Tribunal's Conclusions as to Hussein Rashid's R ole in the A nfal ......................................................... 375 2. Hussein Rashid's Genocide Convictions ..................... 377 3. Hussein Rashid's Crimes Against Humanity C onvictions .................................................................. 38 1 4. Hussein Rashid's War Crimes Convictions ................. 384 E. SabirAbd al-Aziz al-Douri ................................................ 386 * The author has served as both Counsel and Of Counsel to the International Justice Program of Human Rights Watch, as Iraq Prosecutions Consultant for the International Center for Transitional Justice, and as a Defense Consultant to the Special Court for Sierra Leone. She has been a Visiting Lecturer with Columbia University's Masters in Human Rights Pro- gram and an Adjunct Professor at New York University's Center for Global Affairs, Fordham University Law School, Brooklyn Law School, and The New School. She is the author, inter alia, of Justice for Iraq: A Human Rights Watch Policy Paper and Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: A Digest of the Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Research assistance for this Article was provided by Alexis Berkowitz, Brandi Christie, Montse Ferrer, Lisa Gambone, Clark Guard, Kelly Newsome, Loreto Ferrer Moreu, and Joel Suarez. The views expressed herein are those of the author.

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