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87 Iowa L. Rev. 235 (2001-2002)
An Adverse Employment Action--Not Just an Unfriendly Place to Work: Co-Worker Retaliatory Harassment under Title VII

handle is hein.journals/ilr87 and id is 247 raw text is: An Adverse Employment Action-NotJust an Unfriendly Place to Work: Co-Worker Retaliatory Harassment Under Title VII ChristopherM. Court I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 236 II. BACKGROUND: RETALIATION CLAIMS AND TTLE VII ............................ 237 A. SCOPE OFPROTECTION UNDER TTLE VII .......................................... 237 B. ELEMENTS OFA TTLE VII RETALIATION CLAIM ................................ 240 C. ACTIVrTIES CONSIDERED TO BEADVERSE EMPLOYMENTACTIONS UNDER THE NARROW VEW .............................................................. 241 D. ACTIVITIES CONSIDERE) TO BE AD VERSEEMPLOYMENTACTIONS UNDER TiE BROAD VEW ................................................................. 243 III. CO-WORKER RETALIATION AS AN ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTION ........ 245 A. THE BROAD-INTERPRETA TION CIRCUiTS ALLOWRETALIATION CLAIMS BASED ON CO-WORKER RETALIATION ................................... 246 B. THE NARROW-INTERPRETATION CRCUITS DO NOT ALLOW RETALIATION CLAIMS BASED ON CO-WORKER RETALIATION .............. 251 C. AIN TERMED E I TER PRETA TION BY TIE FOURTH CIRCUIT ........... 252 IV. CO-WORKER RETALIATION SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED BYALL CIRCUITS AS AN ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTION ................................... 254 A. NEGLIGENTEMPLOYERS SHOULD BEHELD LIABLE FOR RETALIATORYACTIONS OF CO-WORKERS .......................................... 254 B. CO-WORKER RETALIATION CAN CONSTITUTE ANADVERSE EMPLOYMENTAC ION .................................................................... 256 V. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 260 235 J.D. Candidate, 2002, University of Iowa College of Law. I thank my wife, Jodi, for her loving support and patience, and my family for their guidance and encouragement.

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