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88 Geo. L.J. 1 (1999-2000)
Dignity and Discrimination: Toward a Pluralistic Understanding of Workplace Harassment

handle is hein.journals/glj88 and id is 23 raw text is: ARTICLES
Dignity and Discrimination: Toward A Pluralistic
Understanding of Workplace Harassment
ROSA EHRENREICH*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION  ...........................................               3
I. CONFUSION AND CONTROVERSY ..........................               6
A.  POPULAR  CONFUSION  ...............................            6
B. SCHOLARLY UNHAPPINESS WITH TITLE VII JURISPRUDENCE: WHY
IS SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEX DISCRIMINATION. ..................    7
1. The Formal Equality Argument ...................           8
2. The Subordination Argument .....................           10
3. The All Sex Subordinates Women Argument ........ .11
C. FEMINIST EFFORTS TO RESOLVE THE CONTRADICTIONS ........ .11
II. TOWARD A PLURALISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF WORKPLACE
HARASSMENT  ........................................              14
A. TAKING UP THE CHALLENGE ...........................            14
B. DIGNITARY HARMS IN A CONTEXT OF DISCRIMINATION ............    16
C. INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP HARMS ..................           19
D. THE IMPORTANCE OF DISAGGREGATION ...................           20
III. LOOKING TO THE COMMON LAW .........................               22
A. THE CONCEPT OF DIGNITARY HARM .....................            22
* Senior Advisor, U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
A.B., Harvard, 1991; M.St., Oxford, 1993; J.D., Yale, 1996. This article was written in the Spring of
1999, while I was a visiting lecturer at the Yale Law School and acting Director of the Orville H.
Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights. I am grateful to participants in a Yale Law School
faculty workshop for their comments on this article. I am particularly indebted to Bruce Ackerman,
Jack Balkin, Jamie Boyle, Peter Brooks, Bob Gordon, Harold Koh, Tony Kronman, Judith Resnik, Jed
Rubenfeld, Vicki Schultz, Jim Whitman, and Kenji Yoshino for their suggestions and support. Gail
Dave, Yale Law School class of 1999, provided invaluable research assistance.

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