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53 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 409 (2021-2022)
Rights to Nowhere: The IDEA's Inadequacy in High-Poverty Schools

handle is hein.journals/colhr53 and id is 414 raw text is: RIGHTS TO NOWHERE: THE IDEA'S INADEQUACY IN
HIGH-POVERTY SCHOOLS
Claire S. Raj*
ABSTRACT
The   Individuals  with   Disabilities  Education  Act  (IDEA)
successfully opened the schoolhouse doors to millions of students with
disabilities. But more than forty years after its enactment, the law has proven
largely inept at confronting the educational inequities faced by the many
students with disabilities attending underfunded, high-poverty public
schools. This shortcoming is inconsistent with common conceptions of the
IDEA: Advocates and policymakers alike treat the IDEA's rights and privately
enforceable remedies as strong, meaningful tools. This Article theorizes that
the IDEA's under-appreciated failures are overlooked because they are the
products of the law's internal structure, undue judicial deference to schools,
and litigation that targets procedural injuries rather than substantive
educational practices.
The IDEA's core procedural rights are meant to guarantee students
with disabilities an appropriate education in the most integrated setting
possible. Yet, in high-poverty schools, virtually none of the law's promises
are realized. The IDEA's rights are tethered to an assumption that schools are
operating with an adequate level of capacity and proficiency, but
under-resourced schools lack the ability to ensure either. As a result, the
law's three core principles-procedural rights, appropriate education, and
integrated settings-are badly diminished for students with disabilities in
*    Associate Professor, University of South Carolina School of Law. The author
extends her heartfelt gratitude to her colleagues, Emily Suski and Ann Eisenberg, for their
friendship and support through a stressful and trying writing process. She also thanks
Adriana Hernandez for her dedicated research and willingness to engage in tedious tasks
with a positive attitude.

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