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12 J. Food L. & Pol'y 141 (2016)
Agricultural Investments: The New Frontier of Human Rights Abuse and the Place of Development Agencies

handle is hein.journals/jfool12 and id is 153 raw text is: AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTS: THE NEW FRONTIER OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE AND THE PLACE OF DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES Smith Otieno* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................141 II. THE PROBLEM OF FOOD INSECURITY................. .........142 III. LAND RIGHTS SITUATION IN KENYA AND UGANDA.. ............144 IV. LAND GRABBING FOR AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS: TRENDS AND ACTORS...................................................147 V. CASE STUDIES. ...................................... .......150 A. Uganda: Land Grabbing by Palm Oil Producers... ... .......150 1. Land Rights Violations. .................... .......152 2 Economic Exclusions.............................153 3. Other Environmental Injustices....... ..................154 B. Kenya. .................................. ........155 VI. HUMAN RIGHTS IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES........156 A. Human Rights Due Diligence.... .....................158 B. Contractual Approaches.........................161 VII. CONCLUSION ...................................................162 I. INTRODUCTION Food security remains a concern in many countries. The fact that the global population is constantly increasing translates to an increased demand for food to meet the nutritional needs of the populace. Climate change has further exacerbated the situation as productivity of farms in many parts of the world has dwindled. New techniques have been devised for agriculture to meet nutritional needs, among others, with a concomitant demand for land to facilitate the establishment of large farms. Acquisition of land continues to occur in different areas including places where land tenure insecurity is replete. Communities in these areas have been forced to relinquish ancestral claims to their lands and move elsewhere to pave way for the establishment of large farms. Some of these agricultural investments have been financed by donor agencies that have partnered with governments. Kenya and Uganda are key examples where multilateral donor agencies have funded large scale * Smith Otieno, LL.B (University of Nairobi) LL.M (Loyola University Chicago). 141

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