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40 Int'l Annals Criminology 85 (2002)
The Nexus of Organized International Criminals and Terrorism

handle is hein.journals/iancrml40 and id is 85 raw text is: THE NEXUS OF ORGANIZED INTERNATIONAL CRIMINALS AND TERRORISM Louise I. Shelley, PhD (*) The problems of organized crime and terrorism were often considered separate phenomena prior to September 11th. The security studies com- mittee, the military and parts of law enforcement increasingly viewed terrorism and transnational crime as strategic threats. But these problems were often seen as distinct. Seminars would discuss the emerg- ing threat of transnational crime or terrorism but the important links between the two were rarely made. September 11th has changed the strategic thinking in this area. Terrorism and transnational crime are now central threats to our national and international security. Yet more needs to be understood about the links between these two phenomena. Many illustrations of the crime and terrorism link in Western Europe and the United States have appeared in the mass media. Much less has been written on this subject in the Pacific context. But the same linkages occur that have been iden- tified elsewhere and the linkages between the two phenomena compound the potency of each. Illustrations of the links between organized crime and terrorism are the following : 1) Terrorists engage in organized crime activity to support themselves financially 2) Organized crime groups and terrorists often operate on network structures and these structures sometimes intersect, terrorists can hide themselves among transnational criminal organizations 3) Both organized crime group and terrorists operate in areas with little governmental controls, weak enforcement of laws and open borders 4) Both organized criminals and terrorists corrupt local officials to achieve their objectives 5) Organized crime groups and terrorists often use similar means to communicate-exploiting modern technology 6) Organized crime and terrorists launder their money, often using the same methods and often the same operators to move their funds. Each of the points above will be illustrated with examples from the Pacific Region. The particular areas where these links will occur are in areas with weak controls and little effective political authority (*) Director, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center. 85

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