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53 Emory L.J. 55 (2004)
The Cauldron Boils: Supplemental Jurisdiction, Amount in Controversy, and Diversity of Citizenship Class Actions

handle is hein.journals/emlj53 and id is 67 raw text is: THE CAULDRON BOILS: SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION, AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY, AND DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP CLASS ACTIONS Richard D. Freer* 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 55 II. THE ZAHN ANOMALY AND THE DEBATE OVER DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP JURISDICTION ........................................................... 60 III. THE THREE APPROACHES OF THE COURTS OF APPEALS (AND PROBLEMS WITH EACH) ............................................................ 66 A. The Textual or Plain Meaning Approach ......................... 66 1. How § 1367 Overrules Zahn .............................................. 66 2. The Rest of the Plain Meaning Story: M ultiple D efendants ............................................................. 69 B. Problems with Relying on Legislative History to Preserve Zahn ........................................................................... 72 C. Problems with Relying on Statutory Language to Preserve Zahn ........................................................................... 79 IV. SOME COMMENTS ON DRAFTING AND INTERPRETING JURISDICTIONAL STATUTES ........................................ 85 V . C ONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 88 I. INTRODUCTION In December 1990, while writing an essay for this Journal to comment on the Supreme Court's lamentable decision in Finley v. United States,1 I received an interesting telephone call from a law professor acquaintance. He told me that we now have a supplemental jurisdiction statute and that it had gone into * Robert Howell Hall Professor of Law, Emory University. I am grateful to Bobby Ahdieh, Tom Arthur, Michael Broyde, Howard Fink, Peter Hay, Julie Seaman, Robert Schapiro, and Charlie Shanor for helpful comments and suggestions. 1 490 U.S. 545 (1989) (rejecting pendent parties jurisdiction over a state-law claim against a nondiverse defendant when original jurisdiction was based upon the Federal Tort Claims Act).

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