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63 Crim. L.Q. 102 (2016)
Canada's Foreign Fighters: The Foreign Enlistment Act and Related Terrorism Provisions in the Criminal Code

handle is hein.journals/clwqrty63 and id is 108 raw text is: Canada's Foreign Fighters: The Foreign Enlistment Act and Related Terrorism Provisions in the Criminal Code Tyler Wentzell 1. Introduction On September 25, 2013, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported that Ali Mohamad Dirie, a convicted member of the Toronto 18 terrorist plot, had been killed while fighting in the civil war in Syria.' Released from prison in October 2011, he defied his peace bond within less than a year, leaving the country and joining the ranks of the Syrian rebels. He was not alone. By late 2013, a British think tank estimated that between 9 and 100 Canadians were fighting in the conflict among up to 11,000 foreign fighters from 74 different countries.2 In March of 2014, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) placed the number at approximately 30. The numbers have grown dramatically since then. Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq are reportedly engaged in a number of armed non-state actors, including Jabhet al-Nusra, an affiliate of Al Qaeda and a listed terrorist group under Canadian law;4 and the Islamic State in Iraq * Tyler Wentzell is a lawyer and policy analyst in Toronto. He has a law degree from the University of Toronto and a Masters of Arts in War Studies from the Royal Military College of Canada. He has served as an infantry officer in the Canadian Army since 2002. 1. 'Toronto 18' member Ali Mohamed Dirie reportedly died in Syria: Ali Mohamed Dirie died in Syria after 2011 prison release, infiltrator tells CBC, <http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/toronto- 1 8-member-ali-mohamed-dirie-re- portedly-died-in-syria-1.1868119> (published September 25, 2013; accessed December 3, 2014). 2. Up to 11,000 foreign fighters in Syria; steep rise among Western Europeans, <http://icsr.info/2013/12/icsr-insight-11000-foreign-fighters- syria-steep-rise-among-western-europeans/> (published December 17, 2013; accessed December 3, 2014). 3. Canadians fighting in Syria could pose 'immediate' threat to national security when they return: CSIS, <http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/02/ 03/canadians-fighting-in-syria-could-pose-immediate-threat-to-national-se- curity-when-they-return-csis/> (published February 3, 2014; accessed De- cember 3, 2014). 102

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