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26 Brown J. World Aff. 125 (2019-2020)
On the Question of Chinese Espionage

handle is hein.journals/brownjwa26 and id is 115 raw text is: On the Question of Chinese Espionage NICHOLAS EFTIMIADES INTRODUCTION THROUGHOUT RECORDED HISTORY, NATIONS HAVE employed spies to support foreign policy goals and military operations. However, such clandestine activities seldom become the subject of foreign policy themselves, and intelligence and related activities are rarely subject to public review. Yet in the People's Republic of China, a massive whole-of-society approach to economic espionage is creating a new paradigm for how nations conduct, view, and address intelligence func- tions. In fact, a key element in the United States-China trade war is Washington's 125 insistence that Beijing cease stealing American intellectual property and trade secrets. China denies the claim, but hundreds of recently prosecuted espionage cases prove otherwise. These espionage activities are changing the global balance of power, impacting U.S. and foreign economies, and providing challenges to domestic and national security, as well as foreign policy formulation. Domesti- cally, they threaten economic security, the protection of critical infrastructure, and intellectual property rights. While the broadly defined practice of espionage in China dates back to the Xia Dynasty (2070 BC-1600 BC), the practice of state sponsored commercial espionage to collect foreign technology was first recorded during the period NICHOLAS EFTIMIADES is Assistant Teaching Professor in the Penn State Homeland Security Program. He recently retired from a 34 year government career that included employment in CIA, US Department of State, and as a Senior Intelligence Officer in Defense Intelligence Agency. Today, he remains a special advisor to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Defense. Eftimiades' 1994 book Chinese Intelligence Operations was the first scholarly examination of the structure, operations, and methodology of Chinas intelligence services and has since published numerous papers and articles on the subject. He has testified several times before Congress and appeared on CBS Evening News, Dateline NBC, ABC's Day One, BBC, National Public Radio, and has been quoted in hundredsof other news media and academic publications. His views do not represent the U.S. government or Penn State University. Copyright © 2019 by the Brown Journal of WorldAffairs FALL/WINTER 2019 - VOLUME XXVI, ISSUE I

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