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Federal Securities Law: Insider Trading, January 30, 2002 1 (January 30, 2002)

handle is hein.tera/crser0181 and id is 1 raw text is: Order Code RS21127
January 30, 2002
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Federal Securities Law: Insider Trading
Michael V. Seitzinger
Legislative Attorney
American Law Division
Summary
Insider trading in securities may occur when a person in possession of material
nonpublic information about a company trades in the company's securities and makes a
profit or avoids a loss. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Insider Trading
Sanctions Act of 1984 have provisions which forbid insider trading. One provision of
the 1934 Act requires the disgorgement of short-swing profits by named insiders. The
1934 Act's general antifraud provision has been used many times to sanction insider
trading. In addition, in 1984 Congress enacted legislation imposing up to treble damages
upon one who engages in insider trading.
Insider trading in securities may occur when a person in possession of material
nonpublic information about a company trades in the company's securities and makes a
profit or avoids a loss. Two federal statutes have provisions which forbid insider trading:
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984.2
One provision in the Securities Exchange Act is specifically designed to discourage
insiders in the corporation from taking advantage of their inside information in the trading
of the corporation's securities. Section 16 of the 1934 Act3 places sanctions upon insiders
who use inside information in making short-swing profits. For purposes of this provision,
an insider is defined as any person who is directly or indirectly the beneficial owner of
more than 10 per centum of any class of any equity security...which is registered...or who
is a director or an officer of the issuer. Every such person must file a report with the
Securities and Exchange Commission at the time of the registration of the security on a
national securities exchange or by the effective date of a filed registration statement or
within ten days after he becomes a beneficial owner, director, or officer and within ten
15 U.S.C. §§ 78aet seq.
2 P.L. 98-376, codified in a number of provisions of 15 U.S.C. §§78a et seq.
15 U.S.C. § 78p.

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