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63 Va. J. Int'l L. Online 1 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/vajoillw63 and id is 1 raw text is: 









               A   Choice by Any Other Name:

         Ad Hoc Substitutes for Choice of Law

                            GEORGE RUTHERGLEN*

     This Essay  analy,zes three methods of avoiding the doctrinal disarray in American
 choice of law: imposing constitutional restrictions on personaljurisdiction and therefore
 limiting the plaintiff's ability to forum shop for favorable choice of law; applying the
presumption   against extraterritorial appication of federal statutes; and  enforcing
contractual choice-of-forum and choice-of-laiw clauses. Each method of avoidance has its
advantages and  its disadvantages. The former consist mainly in giving theparties and the
courts more control over choice of law in a more determinate way. The latter arise from the
uncertainty created by adding another layer of ad hoc evasions to the other complications
of choice of law. The law of personaljurisdiction largely depends upon an analysis of all
the factors thatgo into establishing minimum contacts. The extraterritorial app/cation
of federal statutes depends upon the context, both textual and factual, in which they
operate. And   choice-of-forum and choice-of-laiw clauses depend upon the terms and
interpretation of the contracts in which they are found.


     *Distinguished Professor of Law and Earle K. Shawe Professor of Employment Law, University
of Virginia.

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