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2022 Suffolk Univ. L. Rev. Online Ed. [1] (2022)

handle is hein.journals/sfkunvlwrv2022 and id is 1 raw text is: A form of private socialism? MacArthur and the economic governance of the zaibatsu system Federico Lorenzo Ramaioli' Abstract: At the time of the U.S. occupation of Japan, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Douglas MacArthur described the zaibatsu system as a form of private socialism. This definition can surprise, in that the zaibatsu are more coherently considered as the outcome of a form of extreme capitalism. Nevertheless, MacArthur's definition is biased but not completely out of place. Contextualizing the zaibatsu governance, also from a cultural point of view, will help analyzing why, in the occupiers' eyes, it could be more comparable with a socialist model. 01. Introduction When General Douglas MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) in Japan,1 he inaugurated his personal autocratic rule,'1 to the point of being described as an American shagun, legitimizing his power by establishing a close relationship with Hirohito.iv MacArthur's action would eventually provide Japan with a rather stable political class and a new constitution, demilitarizing Japanese society but safeguarding its most traditional traits, starting from the imperial institution. The U.S. occupation of Japan carried out a number of successful 1 Diplomat and lawyer, presently serving as Consul of Italy in Freiburg (Germany). The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any Italian institution or agency. See generally TAKEMAE EmI, INSIDE GHQ: T-HE ALLIED OCCUPATION OF JAPAN AND ITS LEGACY (Robert Ricketts & Sebastian Swann trans., Continuum Int'l Publ'g Grp. 2002) (discussing occupation and SCAP in general). ' On MacArthur, literature is extensive. See generally WILLIAM MANCHESTER, AMERICAN CAESAR: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR 1880-1964 (Back Bay Books 1978). iv See WILLIAM DE LANGE, A HISTORY OF JAPANESE JOURNALISM. JAPAN'S PRESS CLUB AS THE LAST OBSTACLE TO A MATURE PRESS 165 (Richmond Curzon Press 1998). Reference to MacArthur as a foreign shagun is also present in ROBERT HARVEY, AMERICAN SHOGUN: GENERAL MACARTHUR, EMPEROR HIROHITO AND THE DRAMA OF MODERN JAPAN (Overlook Press 2006).

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