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46 Soc. Change 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/sclcnge46 and id is 1 raw text is: Article India's Declining Soa °Chge26 CaloreIn ake:© CSD 2016 Calorie Intake: SAGE Publications sagepub.in/home.nav Development DOI: 10.1 177/0049085715618474 http://sch.sagepub.com or Distress? $SAGE Imrana Qadeer' Sourindra Mohan Ghosh2 Arathi Presenna Madhavan3 Abstract The analysis of food consumption data from successive rounds of the National Sample Survey (NSS), from 1993-1 994 to 2009-2010, has shown that through the greater part of the post-liberalisation era India has seen a steadily declining level of calorie intake. This phenomenon is often attributed to increasing prosperity, declining morbidity and technological advancements that reduce hard manual labour and, hence, human energy requirement. The validity of this interpretation, however, becomes doubtful with the latest NSS data of 201 1-2012 which have shown a noticeable increase of calorie intake. Using data from these NSS rounds, we attempt to make direct estimates of food consumption by different social sections in India. Our findings on declining calorie intakes, even among the poor who already have a very low calorie intake, strongly point towards increasing levels of undernourishment because of reduced access to food for a majority of people. We argue that the redistributive policies that have led to an improvement in food and calorie intake in 2011-2012 must be strengthened rather than undermined. Keywords Calorie, undernourishment, nutrient requirement, food consumption, expendi- ture group. Visiting Faculty, Council for Social Development. 2 Research Consultant, Council for Social Development. 3 Associate Fellow, Council for Social Development. Corresponding author: Imrana Qadeer, Visiting Faculty, Council for Social Development, Sangh Rachana, 53, Lodhi Estate Road, New Delhi 110003, India. E-mail: imranaqadeer@gmail.com

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