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27 Soc. Change 3 (1997)

handle is hein.journals/sclcnge27 and id is 1 raw text is: 3-29 Social Change : March - June 1997 : Vol. 27 Nos. I & 2 Endangered tribals of India: Boobytrap of developnient* Amar Kumar Singh** The tribals in India are the most adversely affected ethnic group due to development in post-Independence India. The new economic policy is likely to worsen their conditions. The efforts can be made to salvage and improve their socio-economic condition within the possibilities and constraints of their existential realities which inter-alia, include ruralness, illiteracy, poverty, ill-health and unproductive agriculture. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In post-Independence India, National development and tribal deprivation (Fernandes 1992) have become synonymous. The tribals have become refugees of development and victims of swadeshi (internal) colonisation (Devalle 1992; Fernandes 1995a, Singh, A.K. 1994). Development, deprivation and discontent (Singh and Jabbi 1995) have become linked in the tribal regions. The situation is bad enough; it is going to be worse with the implementation of the New Economic Policy increasing the usurpation of tribal lands and forests and enslavement of tribal labour (Sharma 1995b). 1.2 The present paper discusses the adverse consequences of development on the tribals in post-Independence India, the possible consequences of the implementation of the 'New Economic Policy on the Tribals' and suggests measures to improve their socio-economic conditions and protect their human rights and dignity. II 1.3 But before we attempt this, it seems appropriate to highlight some of the main characteristics and existential realities of the tribals of India which they share * The original text of this paper was prepared for presentation at the Seminar on Agricultural Growth, Employment and poveny in Rural Areas: Emerging issues in the context of structural Adjustment organised by Indian Society for Labour Economics at the A.N. Sinda Institute of Social Studies, Patna on 8-10 Dec. '95. ** Executive Chairperson, Council for Social Development, 53 Lodi Estate, New Delhi- I i0 003

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