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71 Pol. Sci. Q. 1 (1956)

handle is hein.journals/pclscceqry71 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume LXXI POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY THE VOCABULARY OF SOCIAL HISTORY ' 4 HISTOIRE sociale, says Professor Georges Lefebvre, reste le moins avanc de tous les secteurs de nos recherches.I If the least advanced, it is not the least significant. Some fifty years ago Sir George Sitwell, in an article entitled The English Gentleman, wrote: It may fairly be maintained that the growth and development of a nation depend not so much upon its geographical position and natural resources, not so much upon the military strength or weakness of its neighbours, as upon the division of classes and their relation to each other and to the soil.2 This was not a new idea. Though they had predecessors, the first great systematic attempt to write history in terms of the relations of social classes was that of Marx and Engels, whose sociological and historical analysis provided the basic assumptions on which social history has subsequently relied. The classic Marxian analysis divides history into the three successive phases of feudalism, capitalism and communism, corresponding to the rule in turn of the three classes, feudal nobility, bourgeoisie and proletariat. The two movements which provided the empirical basis on which this theory was erected were the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution; but the historical knowledge of both these great revolutions was much slighter in the time when Marx and Engels elaborated their theory than it is now, after a century of detailed historical research. The simple picture of the French Revolution as the revolt of the bourgeoisie against feudalism has gradually 'Georges Lefebvre in Annales historiques de la Rivolution francaise, No. 138, pp. 80-82. 2Sir George Sitwell, The English Gentleman, The Ancestor, No. 1, p. 58. I March 1956 Number I

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