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68 Pol. Sci. Q. 1 (1953)

handle is hein.journals/pclscceqry68 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume LXVIII POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY POLITICAL CONTROL OF PRIVATE INCOMES AND ITS EFFECT UPON GOVERNMENT T HE prosperity, even the life, of every community de- pends upon the degree of success which it is able to achieve in meeting its essential wants. As far as we can see, no one of the Western nations can ever be totally without food, but the supply may be so inadequate as to cause great suf- fering, even rising at times to famine proportions as was fre- quently the case in all nations of Europe before the abundance of the nineteenth century. In a general way, then, a nation de- pends upon its successful business to supply, as far as possible, what is needed for its existence, health and welfare, and upon all services which contribute to the efficiency of its supplies, such as transportation, banking, medical care, and so on. All these activities, coming under the head of liberty, were pro- tected by the American Constitution, and as far as concerns taxation, which can be so exercised as to become a power to de- stroy, the practice was to tax equally all subjects upon which the burden of the tax fell. Under this system America in less than five generations became the richest as well as the most prosperous and powerful nation in the world. Conditions of life in western Europe and in countries border- ing on or near the Mediterranean Sea differed in classical and mediaeval times from the conditions with which we are familiar at the present day, chiefly in two important respects: the ques- tion of the food supply and the means by which individuals could acquire wealth. The present article concerns the second of these two differences. The classical world of two thousand and more years ago was [ll March 19 5 3 Number 1

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