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35 Pol. Sci. Q. 1 (1920)

handle is hein.journals/pclscceqry35 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume XXXV] POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY PEASANT COOPERATION AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN RUMANIA Introduction TRANSYLVANIA, Bukovina and Bessarabia, though in- cluded in the present political boundaries of Rumania, are not dealt with in this paper because they were separated from the mother country during the development of the peculiar institutions under consideration. The first popular bank in Rumania was founded in 1894. Within a dozen years there were 2,ooo of them, with a capital of 20,000,000 francs. Peasant cooperatives are an offshoot of these banks. The same period of time saw the cooperatives well established in their characteristic forms. Thus this discussion is properly confined to political Rumania, within the boundaries as they then ex- isted and continued to exist until 1913. Southern Dobrudja, taken from Bulgaria in 1913, was retaken by that country in 1916, held until 1918 and occupied by Allied troops in 1919, so that it has not been economically assimilated to Rumania. The period of time intensively covered in this study is from about 1895 to 1919. A brief historical introduction seems de- sirable, to make sure that writer and reader view from the same angle the general economic and social foundation upon which Rumanian peasant cooperative organizations rest, the situation which called them into being and the peculiar problems with which they have to deal. To begin with, there is practically no vestige, even in term- inology, of any agrarian institutions set up by the Romans during their occupation (1o6-271 A. D.) of the province of I Marck, 192o0 [Number i

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