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115 Pol. Sci. Q. 1 (2000-2001)

handle is hein.journals/pclscceqry115 and id is 1 raw text is: Chinese Nationalism and Its International Orientations SUISHENG ZHAO The end of the cold war has precipitated an epidemic of nationalist conflict in many parts of the world. Nationalism has hardly been quiescent dur- ing the twentieth century. At times, it functioned to free nations from alien rule, to create a state of its own, and to contribute to the process of modernization. In international relations, it also appeared as a relatively peaceful doctrine to express a political desire for national independence among people who believe they have a common ancestry or a common political destiny in a territory pecu- liarly identified with their history and their fulfillment. However, the prevailing image of nationalism in the contemporary world is negative. It is seen as fueling interstate warfare and has been responsible for many human tragedies. Nation- alism is associated with the destructive warfare of the first half of the century and the bloody and tragic ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia and the Balkans after the end of the cold war. There has been a burgeoning literature on nation- alism and war.2 However, the direct linkage between nationalism and interna- tional aggression is by no means convincing. In the discussion of the emergence of nationalism in many parts of the world, aggressive and war-causing behavior of nationalism is often taken for granted without explanation. 'See, for example, Liah Greenfield, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Har- vard University Press. 1992); and Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism: A Critical Inquiry (London: MacMil- lan Press, 1981). 2 Among others, see John L. Comaroff and Paul C. Stern, eds., Perspectives on Nationalism and War (Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1995); Stephen Van Evera, Hypotheses on Nation- alism and War, International Security 18 (Spring 1994): 5-39; Michael Howard, WarIn European His- tory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976); Carlton J. H. Hayes, Nationalism: A Religion (New York: Macmillan, 1960); V. P. Gagnon, Ethnic Nationalism and International Conflict: The Case of Serbia, International Security 19 (Winter 1994-95): 130-166; and Glenn Chafetz, The Struggle for a National Identity in Post-Soviet Russia, Political Science Quarterly 111 (Winter 1996-97): 661-688. SUISHENG ZHAO is a Campbell National Fellow at Hoover Institution of Stanford University for 1999-2000 and associate professor of government at Colby College. Political Science Quarterly Volume 115 Number 1 2000 1

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