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11 Lex Portus 7 (2025)

handle is hein.journals/lxportus31 and id is 1 raw text is: ISSN 2524-101X 'D LEX PORTUS VOL 11 ISS 1 2025 eISSN 2617-541 X DOI 10.62821/Ip11101 Cybersecurity in Maritime Transport: An International Perspective on Regulatory Frameworks and Countermeasures Oleksiy Melnyk*, Oleksandr Drozdov**, Serhii Kuznichenko*** *Professor, Master Mariner, Navigation and Maritime Safety Department, Odesa National Maritime University (34, Mechnikova St., Odesa, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-8459 *Professor, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University (77, Hryhoriia Skovorody St., Kharkiv, Ukraine), University of Barcelona (08034, 684Av. Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1364-1272 *Professor, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine (80, Chernyshevskaya St., Kharkiv, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-000 1-9278-2756 ABSTRACT CITATION Thisarticlecombineslegal, technical,andorganizationalaspectstoproposeacomprehensive Melnyk, O., Drozdov, O., & approach to addressing cybersecurity of maritime transport. The article highlights key gaps in Kuznichenko, S. (2025). Cyber- the international legal framework and suggests a unified legal framework to regulate these cyber security in Maritime Transport: threats from a maritime transportation perspective. The article focuses on technical solutions An International Perspective on Regulatory Frameworks but is supported by professional training in a virtual environment. The main innovation of this and Countermeasures. article is the interdisciplinary approach, combining technological advances with social research Lex Portus, 11(1), 7-19. and legal analysis. Among other proposals, developing on international maritime cybersecurity https-//doi.org/10.62821/lp11101 convention, a standard global incident registry and a transnational data sharing system are proposed. Such a systematic framework would have serious potential to address critical safety KEYWORDS issues and improve the safety of the global shipping industry. maritime cybersecurity, maritime law, incident response, global maritime security standards, international legalframeworks h@ The journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Introduction Cyberthreats represents a vital concern for anything to do with global logistics and transportation security regarding the maritime industry. As shipping becomes largely dependent on digital technologies like automated vessel traffic management, IT systems, and electronic data exchange, it becomes more and more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Enacting legislation against these acts may represent a big step in the creation of an international maritime security configuration. However, several factors pose challenges to establishing law: the international character of maritime transport, the complicated identification, and the lack of uniform security standards. Studies in recent times reveal that the maritime industry is becoming a victim of cyber- attack every year. Currently, vessel control systems, navigation systems, and logistics platforms are most frequently targeted by cyber perpetrators threatening the global maritime safety. The gravity of cybersecurity issues in the maritime sector is well attested by academic studies like that of Emre et al. (2024), which details major cyber incidents within this realm, highlighting the inadequacy of ship control systems to guard against advanced attacks. A famous instance is the NotPetya virus, which altered the activities of Maersk and thus represents a far-reaching impact of cyberattacks on global supply chains.

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