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12 J. Forensic Psychiatry & Psych. 1 (2001)

handle is hein.journals/jnlofncpy12 and id is 1 raw text is: The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry Vol 12 No 1 April 2001 1-7 c EDITORIALS The costs of safety in risk societies JOHN WILLIAMS People with dangerous severe personality disorder (DSPD) are not the only recent targets in late-modern 'risk' societies of the new preventive govern- ance (Braithwaite, 2000), or what O'Malley (1992) calls state 'prudentialism', a development that has as a central component the mentality of risk manage- ment in social regulation. The activities of English football supporters have fallen under similar legislative scrutiny. There is no useful precise definition of 'football hooliganism', nor much agreement, if truth be told, between academics about its seriousness or even its causes (see Giulianotti et al., 1994). Some have focused on the over-used 'disease metaphor' for hooliganism which evokes a 'quasi-automatic associ- ation of certain events with the label of football hooliganism, operating below the level of explicit attention to the interpretative process which con- structs it' (Pearson, 1998: 2). Such an approach argues that it is not the type of activity engaged in which leads to the successful and damaging application of the label 'football hooliganism' but rather the type of person involved. That is, football-related disorders involving, say, errant public school boys, or middle-aged businessmen or even those enjoying corporate entertainment at football are more likely than others to be 'saved' from the label 'football hooli- ganism', becoming, instead, examples of 'boisterous' high jinks or even, when in conflict with the police, potential victims of police brutality (ibid.). This class bias in the framing of any 'common-sense' understanding of hooliganism raises important questions about exactly what sorts of offence are to be grouped under the umbrella term. Legal statutes are of relatively TheJournalof Forensic Psychiatry ISSN 0958-5184print/ISSN 1469-9478 online © 2001 Taylor & Francis Ltd http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals DOI: 10.1080/09585180010026276

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