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14 J. World Energy L. & Bus. 1 (2021)

handle is hein.journals/jlowdeylw14 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of World Energy Law and Business, 2021, 14, 1-16 doi: 10.1093/jwelb/jwaa043 Advance Access Publication Date: 9 March 2021 Article Comparative Analysis of the Development of Energy Mixes in the United Kingdom and Brazil Luis Venturi, Alexandre Vastella Ferreira de Melo and Ana Claudia Fregoneze ABSTRACT This research focuses on drawing a comparison between how the UK and Brazil have managed their energy mixes since the oil crisis of the 1970s to the present time. The analysis is based on four varia- bles: diversification, power, sustainability and efficiency. The main hypothesis assumes that the evo- lution of energy mixes is more related to the available natural resources and the physical features of both countries than to political decisions. Technically, we used official data organized into graphs and charts for the decades of 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017. The preliminary results showed that in both countries, all the variables changed positively, but the efficiency has been higher in the UK since the British GDP increases with the increasingly drop in energy production. Therefore, these preliminary results showed that the hypothesis better explained the Brazilian con- text than the British context. 1. INTRODUCTION AND JUSTIFICATION WITH A SYNTHESIS OF THE PRIMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY Increasing demand for energy and world economy diversification and environmental concerns related to pollution and the exhaustion of natural resources exert strong influences on the energy mixes of nations. Energy security is also an important issue because the political context may lead to changes in energy supply, such as during the 1970s, when two politically driven energy crises (1973 and 1979) caused by OPEC' members overwhelmed the world. Oil, the world's dominant energy source, became a political currency. The deliberate decrease in production and the extreme increase in price led the international community to take significant steps in the sphere of commercial and geopolitical issues, the details of which, at this moment, are not relevant here. The purpose of this research is to analyse the consequences of these events, not their causes. These crises revealed the energy vulnerability of many nations.2 Countries managed to meet their en- ergy needs according to their ability, technology, available resources and political power and influence. In This research project was conducted in partnership with the Imperial College of London, to RCGI - FAPESP n. 2014/50279-4. 1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. 2 In 1979, Brazil imported 65% of the oil it needed. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the AIPN. All rights reserved. . 1

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