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49 Fletcher F. World Aff. i (2025)

handle is hein.journals/forwa49 and id is 1 raw text is: 


                             THE


FLETCHERFORUM

               of  WORLD AFFAIRS

THE FLETCHER SCHOOL, TUFTS UNIVERSITY  WINTER 2025 VOL. 49:1 $14.00 USA




                     EDITOR'S NOTE


Irrespective of where you live, energy access, or lack thereof, is one of the
most critical issues of our time. Energy fuels our economies, heats our
homes, and  connects us to each other. When we have it, energy seems
almost immaterial; the miraculous act of flicking a switch to light up a
room is mundane. But when energy systems fail us, we are left floundering.
At its core, energy is a cornerstone of life.
    While countries across the globe have always faced their own unique
sets of energy demands, natural resource endowments, and expectations for
energy access and distribution, it is clear that the world's relationship with
energy is rapidly evolving. With soaring investment in renewable energy
resources and petrostates hosting global climate summits, there is, on the
one hand, a recognition that the historical patterns of energy production
and consumption  are no longer tenable. At the same time, countries like
the United States are producing more crude oil than ever, while countries
like Pakistan face a constant onslaught of rolling blackouts. In others still,
energy access is the rarity rather than the norm for most of the population.
    With this edition of The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, our authors
seek to elucidate what our evolving relationship with energy might mean
for the geopolitical, environmental, and technological landscapes of our
time, examining a range of salient themes.
    Several of our authors highlight broad concepts at the core of the
energy transition. Nora Hampl discusses the evolving definition of energy
security, and the need for the term to expand to reflect the many threats
posed by climate change. Discourse around the global energy transition
also includes calls for a just transition, to mitigate existing inequalities and
improve human  rights while simultaneously transitioning to cleaner energy
solutions. Importantly, the actors involved in transitions to less carbon-
intensive economies often go beyond the state. Ishana Ratan highlights
the power of investors in decarbonization efforts and explores the roles


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