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8 Armed Forces & Soc'y 3 (1981-1982)

handle is hein.journals/amdfcsad8 and id is 1 raw text is: The Dilemmas of Civil-Military Relations in Contemporary Poland: 1945-1981 ANDRZEJ KORBONSKI University of California, Los Angeles The appointment, on February 9, 1981, of General Wojciech Jaruzelski, to the office of Prime Minister of Poland, was without precedent and represented at least two firsts in the 37-year history of Communist Eastern Europe. It was the first case of a professional military officer assuming the top governmental post in a Communist country.' It was also the first time a prime minister retained the Defense portfolio, thus combining his control over the state bureaucratic apparatus with that of the defense establishment. All this made the Jaruzelski case quite unique in the annals of postwar Eastern European history, and it is not surprising that questions have been raised as to what had happened to make this unprecedented turn of events possible. What follows is an attempt to provide answers to two major ques- tions: First, who is General Jaruzelski, and what has been his back- ground and career? Second, what were the characteristic features of civil-military relations in Poland that brought about his rather un- expected appointment as the country's premier? The political crisis in Poland which began in July 1980 has been widely analyzed, discussed and dissected. Following a series of strikes in various parts of the country, the Polish government was ultimately forced at the end of August to recognize a free and independent labor union movement which took the name of Solidarity. This develop- ment, unparalleled in Communist societies, resulted in a major shake-up ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY, Vol. 8 No. 1, Fall 1981 3-20 © 1981 by the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society 3

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