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12 Armed Forces & Soc'y 9 (1985-1986)

handle is hein.journals/amdfcsad12 and id is 1 raw text is: Military-Industrial Linkages In Israel ALEX MINTZ The Hebrew University of Jerusalem In the period since World War I (the century of total war), societies have consistently allocated massive resources in a planned and in- stitutionalized manner-even during peaceful periods-to cope with total threats to their national security.' Israel's vital security has been threatened since its very establish- ment in 1948. Experiencing six wars with the Arab confrontation states-superior to it in manpower, monetary resources, and military equipment-Israel has been compelled to allocate vast human and finan- cial resources toward the development, maintenance, and reinforcement of a large and ever-ready military establishment. Israel has sacrificed 1.18 percent of its population beginning with the 1948 War of Independence and including the other Israeli-Arab con- flicts since then; disabled veterans comprise 1 percent of its Jewish population.2 Israel spends well over $5 billion annually on defense,' and its total defense consumption amounts to some 28 percent of its GNP.4 However, Israel's massive investment of resources in main- taining a large army-according to various sources, some 540,000 troops, including 370,000 reservists'-and equipping it with the best modern conventional weapons available in the West (e.g., F-15 and F-16 fighters, Hawkeye reconnaissance aircraft, M60A3 tanks, Sidewinder and Sparrow air-to-air missiles, and smart (e.g., AUTHOR'S NOTE: I wish to thank Moshe Lissak for his helpful comments and suggestions and Zvi Ofer for editing this paper; the study was supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation. ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY, Vol. 12 No. 1, Fall 1985 9-27 ©1985 by the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society 1985 Fall 9

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