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106 Int'l L. Stud. Ser. US Naval War Col. 1 (2025)

handle is hein.intyb/ilsusnwc0106 and id is 1 raw text is: Of Duty and Distress Vol. 106 Of Duty and Distress: Addressing Sea Slavery Through the Duty to Render Assistance Austin Fullmer* CONTENTS I. Introdu ction .......................................................................................... . 2 II. IUU Fishing: The Nexus Between the U.S. Coast Guard and Sea Slavery........................................................................................................... 8 III. Sea Slavery: Trapped on the High Seas ........................................... 15 A. Debt Bondage or Coercion ..............................................................18 B. Transshipment....................................................................................20 IV. The Duty to Render Assistance......................................................... 21 V . D istress .......................................................................................................3 0 A. The Definition of Distress........................................................... 32 B . G rav e ............................................................................................. . 34 C . Im m in ent....................................................................................... . 35 VI. The Practitioner's Questions.............................................................. 40 A. UNCLOS Article 110-Right of Visit....................................... 40 B. U.S. Domestic Authority 14 U.S.C. § 521.............................. 42 V II. C onclusion .......................................................................................... . 42 * Austin Fullmer is a 2024 J.D. graduate of Harvard Law School and a Lieutenant Commander in the U.S. Coast Guard. LCDR Fullmer would particularly like to thank his advisor, Professor Naz K. Modirzadeh, for her invaluable advice. He thanks his classmates Philip De Groot, Izza Dury, Ishita Petkar, Jake Soria, Hina Uddin, and Yen Ba Vu for their influential comments and ideas. The author is grateful for U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Marine Corps officers who helped him throughout this project, including Max Jesse Goldberg, Tara Pray, Erin Slycord, and Pierre Spence. The author was first exposed to the crisis of sea slavery as a student-attorney at the Harvard International Human Rights Clinic. He thanks his clinicians, Susan Farbstein and Aminta Ossom, for their mentorship on the clinic project that sparked interest in this topic. LCDR Fullmer would also like to thank his wife. The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Department of the Navy, the U.S. Coast Guard, or the U.S. Naval War College. 1

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